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     <td><h1 class="pagetitle">Bookmark<br>[A ID/Name]</h1>
         <b><a href="../../../misc/suppkey.htm">Support Key:</a></b> 
         [<b><i class="fs">2</i></b>|<b class="s">3</b>|<b class="s">3.2</b>|<b class="s">4</b>] 
         [<b class="s">X1</b>|<b class="s">X1.1</b>]
         [<b class="s">IE1</b>|<b><i class="fs">M1</i></b>|<b class="s">N1</b>|<b class="s">O2.1</b>]</td>
     <td><a href="#what">What is it?</a><br>
         <a href="#attrib">Attributes</a><br>
         <a href="#example">Tag Example</a>
     </td>
     <td><a href="#model">Parent/Content Model</a><br>
         <a href="#tips">Tips &amp; Tricks</a><br>
         <a href="#peculiar">Browser Peculiarities</a></td>
</tr>
<tr><td align=center colspan=3>
<font size=2>= <span class="sitetitle">Index DOT Html</span> by <a href="../../../misc/email.htm">Brian Wilson</a> =</font>
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<font size=2>
     <a href="../../index.html">Main Index</a> |
     <a href="../../tree/htmltree.htm">Element Tree</a> |
     <a href="../../tagindex/a.htm">Element Index</a> |
     <a href="../../supportkey/a.htm">HTML Support History</a></font>
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<tr><td>
<table border=0 cellspacing=0>
<tr>
    <th colspan=3 valign=bottom class="field"><big><u><b
        class="colheaders">&#160;&#160;&#160;Quick Statistics&#160;&#160;&#160;</b></u></big><br></th>
</tr>
<tr><th align=left><b class="l3heading"><a href="../stats.htm#et">End Tag:</a></b><br></th>
    <td rowspan=7>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
    <td><span class="magicword">Required</span></td></tr>
<tr><th align=left><b class="l3heading"><a href="../stats.htm#std">Standards Details:</a></b><br></th>
    <td>In all HTML 4.x/XHTML DTDs</td></tr>
<tr><th align=left><b class="l3heading"><a href="../stats.htm#xhtm">XHTML Modules:</a></b><br></th>
    <td><b class=alert>Hypertext</b></td></tr>
<tr><th align=left valign=top><b class="l3heading"><a href="../stats.htm#disp">CSS 'display' Type:</a></b><br></th>
    <td>"<b class="alert">inline</b>"</td></tr>
<tr><th align=left valign=top><b class="l3heading"><a href="../stats.htm#css">CSS Mapping:</a></b><br></th>
    <td>NA</td></tr>
<tr><th align=left><b class="l3heading"><a href="../stats.htm#rnd">Default Rendering:</a></b><br></th>
    <td>NA</td></tr>
<tr><th align=left><b class="l3heading"><a href="../stats.htm#w3docs">Official Docs:</a></b><br></th>
    <td><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#h-12.2">HTML 4.x</a>, 
        <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-modularization/abstract_modules.html#s_hypertextmodule">XHTML 1.1</a></td></tr>
</table>
</td></tr>
</table>

<a name="what"></a>
<dl>
<dt><big><b class="mainheading">What is it?</b></big>
    <dd>The A element is one of the key distinctive features of HTML which
        defines a link that allows webs of information to be created. The
        Bookmark element defines a portion of text and/or an object that serves
        as a destination for a URL activation (whether it be by a Hyperlink or
        some other method.) The A element can serve as a destination of a URL, an
        invocation of a URL, or both at the same time.
</dl>


<a name="attrib"></a>
<dl>
<dt><br><big><b class="mainheading">Common Attributes</b></big>
<dt><b class="subheading">%<a href="../attributes/core.htm">Core</a>%</b>
    <dd>[<span class="ns">2</span>|<b><i class="fs">3</i></b>|<span class="ns">3.2</span>|<b class="s">4</b>] 
        [<b class="s">X1</b>|<b class="s">X1.1</b>]
        [<b><i class="fs">IE3</i></b>|<span class="ns">M</span>|<b class="s">N4B2</b>|<b class="s">O3.5</b>]

<dt><b class="subheading">%<a href="../attributes/accessibility.htm">Accessibility</a>%</b>
    <dd>[<b><i class="fs">2</i></b>|<b class="s">3</b>|<b class="s">3.2</b>|<b class="s">4</b>] 
        [<b class="s">X1</b>|<b class="s">X1.1</b>]
        [<b><i class="fs">IE4B1</i></b>|<span class="ns">M</span>|<b class="s">N6</b>|<b class="s">O5</b>]

<dt><b class="subheading">%<a href="../attributes/events.htm">Events</a>%</b>
    <dd>[<span class="ns">2</span>|<span class="ns">3</span>|<span class="ns">3.2</span>|<b><i class="fs">4</i></b>] 
        [<b class="s">X1</b>|<b class="s">X1.1</b>]
        [<b><i class="fs">IE4B1</i></b>|<span class="ns">M</span>|<span class="ns">N</span>|<span class="ns">O</span>]

<dt><b class="subheading">%<a href="../attributes/language.htm">Language</a>%</b>
    <dd>[<span class="ns">2</span>|<b><i class="fs">3</i></b>|<span class="ns">3.2</span>|<b class="s">4</b>] 
        [<b class="s">X1</b>|<b class="s">X1.1</b>]
        [<b><i class="fs">IE4</i></b>|<span class="ns">M</span>|<span class="ns">N</span>|<span class="ns">O</span>]

<dt><b class="subheading">%<a href="../attributes/editing.htm">Editing</a>%</b>
    <dd>[<span class="ns">2</span>|<span class="ns">3</span>|<span class="ns">3.2</span>|<span class="ns">4</span>]
        [<span class="ns">X1</span>|<span class="ns">X1.1</span>]
        [<b><i class="fs">IE5.5</i></b>|<span class="ns">M</span>|<span class="ns">N</span>|<span class="ns">O</span>]

<dt><br><big><b class="mainheading">Specific Attributes</b></big>
<dt><b class="subheading">Href</b>
<dt>[<b><i class="fs">2</i></b>|<b class="s">3</b>|<b class="s">3.2</b>|<b class="s">4</b>] 
    [<b class="s">X1</b>|<b class="s">X1.1</b>]
    [<b class="s">IE1</b>|<b><i class="fs">M1</i></b>|<b class="s">N1</b>|<b class="s">O2.1</b>]
    <dd><b class="l3heading"><a href="../stats.htm#std">Standards Details:</a></b> 
        In all HTML 4.x/XHTML DTDs
    <dd><b class="l3heading">Required?</b> No
    <dd><b class="l3heading">Description:</b><br>
        This attribute indicates the URL to be loaded when the hyperlinked
        object is activated. Values can be either relative or absolute URLs.
        Either this attribute or the NAME attribute <em>MUST</em> be present
        in the A tag.
    <dd><b class="l3heading">Values:</b> <a href="../../../misc/glossary.htm#cdata">CDATA</a>.
        [Either an absolute or relative URL. All URLs should be <a
        href="../../topics/urlencoding.htm">URL encoded</a> where required.]

<dt><b class="subheading">Name</b>
<dt>[<b><i class="fs">2</i></b>|<b class="s">3</b>|<b class="s">3.2</b>|<b class="s">4</b>] 
    [<b class="s">X1</b>|<span class="ns">X1.1</span>]
    [<b class="s">IE1</b>|<b><i class="fs">M1</i></b>|<b class="s">N1</b>|<b class="s">O2.1</b>]
    <dd><b class="l3heading"><a href="../stats.htm#std">Standards Details:</a></b> 
        In all HTML 4.x/XHTML 1.0 DTDs (formally deprecated in XHTML 1.0.) Dropped in XHTML 1.1 in favor of ID attribute.
    <dd><b class="l3heading">Required?</b> No
    <dd><b class="l3heading">Description:</b><br>
        This attribute assigns a symbolic name to the enclosed object (text,
        image, etc.) in order to use it as a destination in a hyperlink or
        other URL call. Either this attribute or the HREF attribute
        <em>MUST</em> be present in the A element. (Note: HTML 4 states that if 
        ID and NAME are both used in a given A element, they should have the exact same
        value since they share the same domain value space.)
    <dd><b class="l3heading">Values:</b> <a href="../../../misc/glossary.htm#cdata">CDATA</a>

<dt><b class="subheading">Title</b>
<dt>[<b><i class="fs">2</i></b>|<b class="s">3</b>|<b class="s">3.2</b>|<b class="s">4</b>] 
    [<b class="s">X1</b>|<b class="s">X1.1</b>]
    [<b><i class="fs">IE4B1</i></b>|<span class="ns">M</span>|<b class="s">N6B1</b>|<b class="s">O5</b>]
    <dd><b class="l3heading"><a href="../stats.htm#std">Standards Details:</a></b> 
        In all HTML 4.x/XHTML DTDs
    <dd><b class="l3heading">Required?</b> No
    <dd><b class="l3heading">Description:</b><br>
        This attribute suggests a title (advisory only) for the destination
        resource. The TITLE attribute may be used for display prior to
        accessing the destination resource (such as in a margin note or in a
        pop-up box while the mouse is over the hyperlink), or for resources that
        do not include titles (like graphics, plain text documents or Gopher menus.)
    <dd><b class="l3heading">Values:</b> <a href="../../../misc/glossary.htm#cdata">CDATA</a>

<dt><big><b class="mainheading">Other Attributes</b></big><br>
[<b class="alert">These attributes have long had historical support
in the HTML standards, but have never had support in the popular browsers.</b>]
<dt><b class="subheading">Methods</b>
<dt>[<b><i class="fs">2</i></b>|<b class="s">3</b>|<span class="ns">3.2</span>|<span class="ns">4</span>] 
    [<span class="ns">X1</span>|<span class="ns">X1.1</span>]
    [<b><i class="fs">IE4</i></b>|<span class="ns">M</span>|<span class="ns">N</span>|<span class="ns">O</span>]
    <dd><b class="l3heading"><a href="../stats.htm#std">Standards Details:</a></b> NA
    <dd><b class="l3heading">Required?</b> No
    <dd><b class="l3heading">Description:</b><br>
        This attribute should specify methods to be used in accessing the
        destination, as a whitespace-separated list of names. For similar
        reasons as for the TITLE attribute, it may be useful to include the
        information in advance in the link. For example, the browser may
        choose a different rendering display (possibly a special icon) for
        a destination that is searchable. None of the popular browsers ever
        implemented this attribute and it has since disappeared from 
        HTML 3.2 and later recommendations.
    <dd><b class="l3heading">Values:</b><br>
        The set of applicable names is a function of the protocol scheme of
        the URL in the HREF attribute.

<dt><b class="subheading">Rel</b>
<dt>[<b><i class="fs">2</i></b>|<b class="s">3</b>|<b class="s">3.2</b>|<b class="s">4</b>] 
    [<b class="s">X1</b>|<b class="s">X1.1</b>]
    [<b><i class="fs">IE3</i></b>|<span class="ns">M</span>|<span class="ns">N</span>|<span class="ns">O</span>]
    <dd><b class="l3heading"><a href="../stats.htm#std">Standards Details:</a></b> 
        In all HTML 4.x/XHTML DTDs
    <dd><b class="l3heading">Required?</b> No
    <dd><b class="l3heading">Description:</b><br>
        The REL attribute is not currently used by any of the popular browsers,
        but is meant to give the relationship(s) described by the hyperlink.
    <dd><b class="l3heading">Values:</b> <a href="../../../misc/glossary.htm#cdata">CDATA</a>.
        [A whitespace separated list of relationship names.]

<dt><b class="subheading">Rev</b>
<dt>[<b><i class="fs">2</i></b>|<b class="s">3</b>|<b class="s">3.2</b>|<b class="s">4</b>] 
    [<b class="s">X1</b>|<b class="s">X1.1</b>]
    [<b><i class="fs">IE3</i></b>|<span class="ns">M</span>|<span class="ns">N</span>|<span class="ns">O</span>]
    <dd><b class="l3heading"><a href="../stats.htm#std">Standards Details:</a></b> 
        In all HTML 4.x/XHTML DTDs
    <dd><b class="l3heading">Required?</b> No
    <dd><b class="l3heading">Description:</b><br>
        The REL attribute is not currently used by any of the popular
        browsers. It is basically meant to be the same as the REL attribute,
        but the semantics of the relationship are in the reverse direction.
        A link from A to B with REL=&quot;X&quot; expresses the same
        relationship as a link from B to A with REV=&quot;X&quot;. An anchor
        may have both REL and REV attributes.
    <dd><b class="l3heading">Values:</b> <a href="../../../misc/glossary.htm#cdata">CDATA</a>.
        [A whitespace separated list of relationship names.]

<dt><b class="subheading">URN</b>
<dt>[<b><i class="fs">2</i></b>|<b class="s">3</b>|<span class="ns">3.2</span>|<span class="ns">4</span>] 
    [<span class="ns">X1</span>|<span class="ns">X1.1</span>]
    [<b><i class="fs">IE4</i></b>|<span class="ns">M</span>|<span class="ns">N</span>|<span class="ns">O</span>]
    <dd><b class="l3heading"><a href="../stats.htm#std">Standards Details:</a></b> NA
    <dd><b class="l3heading">Required?</b> No
    <dd><b class="l3heading">Description:</b><br>
        This attribute was originally meant to specify a more persistent
        identifier for the NAME value of the hyperlink, but none of the popular
        browsers ever implemented this attribute. It has since disappeared from
        HTML 3.2 and later recommendations.
    <dd><b class="l3heading">Values:</b> NA
</dl>


<a name="example"></a>
<dl>
<dt><big><b class="mainheading">Example</b></big>
    <dd><div class="example">&lt;<b class="tagname">a</b> <span class="tagattrib">name</span>=&quot;Bookmark1&quot;&gt;This
        text is now marked by Bookmark1!&lt;/<b class="tagname">a</b>&gt;</div>
</dl>


<a name="model"></a>
<dl>
<dt><big><b class="mainheading">Parent Model</b></big>
    <dd><b class="alert">%<a href="../shorthands.htm#inlineparent">In-line Parent</a>%</b> |
        <b class="alert">%<a href="../shorthands.htm#blockparent">Block Parent</a>%</b><br>
        <b class="alert">Exceptions:</b> &lt;a&gt;
<dt><big><b class="mainheading">Content Model</b></big>
    <dd><b class="alert">%<a href="../shorthands.htm#inlinecontent">In-line Content</a>%</b><br>
        <b class="alert">Exceptions:</b> &lt;a&gt;
</dl>


<a name="tips"></a>
<big><b class="mainheading">Tips &amp; Tricks</b></big>
<ul>
    <li>Although these pages list A HREF and A ID/NAME separately in order to
        emphasize the distinction in functionality between the two behaviors,
        the HREF and ID/NAME attributes can co-exist in the same tag to serve as
        both a jump point and a destination for a jump point.
    <li>Remember: If an instance of the A element only serves to define a
        Bookmark, using a TARGET attribute will have no effect (That is why
        the attribute is not listed here.)
    <li>The TITLE attribute is listed on this page both under the "Common
        Attributes" and "Specific Attributes" categories - I generally consider
        TITLE to be a "Common Attribute", but in the special case of the A
        and LINK elements, this attribute was included in the HTML standards
        as far back as HTML 2.0 - long before these attributes were
        specified for any other element.
    <li><b class="alert">DTD Note:</b> A reader pointed out to me that it is
        also legal to use an A element without an ID/NAME <em>or</em> HREF attribute (eg:
        &lt;<b class="tagname">a</b> <span class="tagattrib">TITLE</span>="hello"&gt;content&lt;/<b
        class="tagname">a</b>&gt;) but I don't have any idea why an author
        might wish to do this.
    <li>HTML 4.x+ recommends that authors use the ID attribute instead of the NAME
        attribute wherever possible. ID is the accepted method moving forward and 
        NAME has been removed as of XHTML 1.1.
</ul>

<a name="peculiar"></a>
<big><b class="mainheading">Browser Peculiarities</b></big>
<ul>
    <li><a href="../../../testing/html/tags/a/aname-bp1.htm">[Test]</a>
        When jumping to a bookmark/fragment URL in the last viewable screen/page of
        a page that is longer than one screen, Internet Explorer versions up to
        and including 3.0 scroll such that the bookmark is at the top of the page,
        leaving blank space at the end of the document. This displays the document
        in a position that is not possible to achieve using scrollbar controls.
        Internet Explorer 4.0 and all Netscape versions display the document as low
        as it can normally be scrolled and no more.
    <li>Opera places the title attribute in the browser toolbar area while Internet
        Explorer implements it as a hovering tool tip.
    <li><a href="../../../testing/html/tags/l/layer-bp2.htm">[Test]</a>
        Netscape 4.x can not correctly hyperlink to a bookmark (A ID/NAME) that is
        nested inside a LAYER element from another document. It succeeds in
        jumping to the document, and it <em>does</em> attempt to jump within the
        document, but I didn't see a particular pattern to where it was jumping
        to...but it isn't the correct location. Hyperlinking to a bookmark
        nested in a LAYER from within the same document appears to work correctly.
    <li>I list the METHODS, REL, REV and URN attributes as being supported in IE
        based only upon Microsoft's documentation. While this data might be
        reachable via the DOM, these attributes certainly do not have any default
        presentational results.
</ul>


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